World Rabies Day 2026: Dogs are the primary source of rabies infection in India. On the occasion of World Rabies Day, observed on September 28, we will address some common questions people often have regarding this issue.
While a dog bite is considered the greatest risk factor for rabies, can a mere scratch or a lick from a dog also lead to this deadly disease? Could a dog's scratch cause complications? Let’s explore the correct answers to these questions and understand what steps should be taken in such situations.
Can a dog's scratch cause rabies?
Apart from bites, a dog's scratch can also pose a risk of rabies, especially if the scratch breaks the skin's surface. If a dog is infected with rabies and its saliva is present on its paws or claws, the virus can enter the body through the scratch. Whether or not the scratch causes bleeding, any injury or wound to the skin should not be ignored. According to the World Health Organization, even minor scratches that do not bleed or superficial abrasions on the skin can carry a potential risk of rabies infection.
Can a dog's lick cause rabies?
The risk of contracting rabies from a dog's lick depends on which part of the body comes into contact with the saliva. If a dog licks perfectly healthy, unbroken skin, it is generally not considered a risk for rabies infection. However, if there is an existing cut, wound, scratch, or break in the skin and the infected dog's saliva comes into contact with that area, the virus can enter the body.
Similarly, if the infected animal's saliva enters the eyes, nose, or mouth, there is a risk of infection. Therefore, an incident where a dog licks you should not be ignored simply because the dog did not bite.
What to do after a scratch or bite?
The first step after being bitten or scratched by a dog is to clean the wound immediately.
The affected area should be thoroughly washed with soap and running water for at least 15 minutes.
You may gently cover the wound with a clean cloth, but do not apply chili, oil, soil, ash, or any other household substances to the wound without a doctor's advice.
Even if the wound is minor or there is no bleeding, seeking medical advice is essential.
When should you contact a doctor?
A doctor assesses the situation to determine whether a rabies vaccine is required. In cases of severe exposure, rabies immunoglobulin or other necessary treatments may also be administered. One should not wait for rabies symptoms to appear, as the disease becomes extremely serious and almost always fatal once symptoms set in. Therefore, timely medical advice and preventive treatment following potential exposure are crucial.
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