With the onset of the monsoon season, people are being alerted about illnesses caused by contaminated water and food. The risk of food poisoning rises significantly during the rainy season, potentially leading to severe vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. Pathogens such as *Salmonella*, *E. coli*, and *Listeria* are considered the primary culprits. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Amidst these symptoms, a rise in cases of cyclosporiasis—an illness caused by the *Cyclospora* parasite—is being observed in the United States. It is primarily an infection of the small intestine that causes severe diarrhea accompanied by stomach cramps and nausea. Like food poisoning, this infection is contracted through contaminated food and water. Reports indicate that approximately 3,000 people have been affected so far, placing increasing pressure on healthcare services.

Let us understand how dangerous cyclosporiasis is and what measures can be taken to prevent it.

Cyclosporiasis: An illness with symptoms resembling food poisoning

An infection caused by the foodborne parasite *Cyclospora* has raised concerns among health officials in the United States. This infection is not caused by a virus or bacteria but by a microscopic parasite named *Cyclospora cayetanensis*. It typically spreads through contaminated vegetables, fruits, and water. The likelihood of cases increasing is higher during the summer and monsoon seasons.

The major challenge with *Cyclospora* infection is that its symptoms mimic those of common food poisoning. People often overlook the condition—dismissing it as a minor infection—when experiencing symptoms like watery diarrhea lasting several days, stomach cramps, nausea, and weakness.

Without timely treatment, the illness can persist for several weeks. People with weakened immune systems, the elderly, young children, and patients with chronic illnesses may face a higher risk of complications due to dehydration caused by this infection.

How can a Cyclospora infection be identified?

Watery diarrhea is the most common symptom of a Cyclospora infection. Symptoms may begin to appear approximately 2 to 14 days after infection. In many patients, diarrhea may come and go over several weeks. Without treatment, symptoms can persist for a month or even longer in some individuals.

Additionally, symptoms may include stomach cramps, abdominal pain, gas, extreme fatigue, weakness, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss, and a mild fever.
Frequent diarrhea leads to a loss of water and electrolytes from the body, increasing the risk of dehydration.
This condition can be more severe in children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health issues.

How can Cyclosporiasis be prevented?

Consuming clean food and safe water is crucial for preventing Cyclospora infection.

Fruits and vegetables should be thoroughly washed under clean, running water before consumption.
Hand hygiene is also extremely important. Washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds—before cooking, before eating, and after using the toilet—reduces the risk of infection.

Gastroenterologist Dr. Joseph Salhab states that thoroughly cooking food is the most reliable way to eliminate pathogens. Frozen or canned foods may be safe options during an outbreak. Dr. Salhab advises that if there is an outbreak in your area and you become infected, you should monitor your symptoms closely; maintaining adequate intake of water and electrolytes is essential.

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