Cataracts are a common eye condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to blurry vision and difficulty in seeing. This condition primarily affects older individuals but is increasingly being observed in younger people due to prolonged screen exposure. Understanding the causes and early symptoms of cataracts is essential for timely treatment.

Causes of Cataracts

1. Aging:
   The most common cause of cataracts is aging. As we grow older, the proteins and fibers in the lens undergo changes, leading to cloudiness.
2. Eye Injury:
   Trauma or injuries to the eye can result in cataract formation.
3. Diseases:
   Chronic illnesses like diabetes, glaucoma, and uveitis increase the risk of developing cataracts, as they significantly impact eye health.
4. Side Effects of Medications:
   Prolonged use of certain medications may contribute to cataracts as a side effect.
5. Sun Exposure:
   Long-term exposure to harmful UV rays can increase the likelihood of cataracts.
6. Genetics:
   A family history of cataracts may increase the chances of developing the condition.

Symptoms of Cataracts

1. Blurry Vision:
   A common symptom where vision becomes unclear or hazy.
2. Sensitivity to Light:
   Increased sensitivity to bright lights or glare is often observed.
3. Difficulty Seeing at Night:
   Cataracts can make night vision challenging, especially in low-light environments.
4. Changes in Color Perception:
   Difficulty in distinguishing or recognizing colors.
5. Double Vision:
   In some cases, cataracts can cause double vision, where objects appear duplicated.

Preventive Measures and Treatment

• Regular Eye Checkups: Visit an eye specialist regularly to detect cataracts early.
• Sunglasses: Protect your eyes from UV rays by wearing sunglasses with proper UV protection.
• Healthy Diet: Include foods rich in antioxidants, such as leafy greens, carrots, and citrus fruits, to maintain good eye health.
• Control Underlying Conditions: Manage diseases like diabetes to reduce the risk of cataracts.
• Avoid Smoking and Alcohol: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to cataract formation.

Treatment Options:

In advanced cases, cataracts can be effectively treated through surgery, where the cloudy lens is replaced with an artificial one. Consult an ophthalmologist to explore treatment options if you experience any symptoms.

(Disclaimer: This article provides general information and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.)